Shrimp farming is the commercial production of penaeid species — dominated by Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at ~80% of global output. Modern shrimp production spans low-intensity ponds, high-density biofloc systems, and land-based recirculating shrimp RAS, each with distinct CAPEX, biosecurity and market positioning trade-offs.
Traditional ponds win on CAPEX-per-kg in tropical geographies with cheap land and low labour cost. Biofloc raises stocking density 5–10× with lower water exchange. Shrimp RAS delivers year-round production, disease control and access to premium urban markets — but at 3–5× the CAPEX.
The single biggest predictor of a shrimp cycle's success is PL quality. Non-negotiable QA points: specific-pathogen-free (SPF) certification, PCR-tested for WSSV / EMS / IHHNV / EHP, uniform size, documented broodstock origin, and stress-test survival ≥ 90%.
Perimeter fencing, bird nets, vehicle wash-down, quarantine ponds, dedicated staff PPE, and an incoming-water disinfection loop. Under-fund these and one disease outbreak wipes 12 months of margin.
Feed is 55–65% of OPEX. Target FCR 1.3–1.6 in biofloc, 1.6–2.0 in ponds. Automated feeders + acoustic monitoring can cut FCR by 10–15%. Diversify feed suppliers to protect against ingredient price shocks.
Export-grade shrimp needs IQF freezing, HACCP-certified processing, and a validated cold chain to destination market. Integrating processing with the farm site adds CAPEX but captures 25–40% more margin.
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