Playbook · Mistakes to avoid

The mistakes that quietly sink aquaculture projects.

15 patterns we see repeatedly across RAS, shrimp and cage projects — grouped by phase, with the specific fix that would have prevented each one.

Design mistakes

Selecting technology before defining production targets

Choosing between RAS, pond and cage before locking annual tonnage, species and market window leads to over- or under-sized systems and unrecoverable CAPEX waste.

FixFix the species, tonnage and off-take window first. Only then filter technologies against those constraints.

Compare technologies

Under-sized oxygen and biofilter capacity

Peak-load oxygen and nitrification demand are commonly modelled on average biomass rather than peak-day biomass, causing crashes during ramp-up.

FixSize biofilter and O₂ delivery for peak biomass + a safety margin, not for annual average.

Oxygen demand calculator

No water-source validation before site lock-in

Committing to a site before completing multi-season flow, temperature and quality tests is the single biggest cause of project failure.

FixRun at least 6–12 months of source water data before signing land or civil contracts.

Procurement mistakes

Sending one giant RFQ instead of packaging by discipline

Bundling civil, mechanical, water treatment, oxygen and automation into a single RFQ eliminates specialist bidders and inflates prices.

FixSplit into 5–8 discipline packages so specialists compete on their strongest scope.

Build an RFQ package

Comparing bids on headline price instead of TCO

Two RAS quotes with identical CAPEX can differ by 30% in 10-year TCO once energy, spares and mortality risk are included.

FixNormalise every bid on a 10-year Total Cost of Ownership basis.

TCO comparison framework

No performance guarantee wording in the contract

Contracts that omit measurable KPIs (survival, FCR, energy per kg produced) leave the buyer with no legal recourse if the system underperforms.

FixEvery equipment contract should include measurable performance KPIs and clear remedy language.

Skipping factory acceptance testing (FAT)

Waiting to test critical skids on site instead of in the factory turns punch-list items into 3-week delays and freight round-trips.

FixInclude FAT clauses for every skid over ~USD 100K in value.

FAT vs SAT decision guide

Financing mistakes

Building the financial model on list prices

Bankers reject models built on desktop-research pricing; real quoted CAPEX often lands 15–30% higher.

FixRefresh the CAPEX line with quoted RFQ numbers before finalising the financing pack.

Bankability checklist

No documented off-take before approaching lenders

Development banks and commercial lenders will not underwrite production capacity without at least an LOI from a credible buyer.

FixSecure at least one LOI covering ≥50% of forecast production before the first bank meeting.

Financing hub

Ignoring working-capital and biological cycle

Salmon, sea bass and shrimp all require 12–24 months of feed and labour before first harvest. Under-funded working capital sinks otherwise viable projects.

FixModel working capital through two full production cycles, not just the first harvest.

Permitting mistakes

Treating EIA as a paperwork exercise

A weak Environmental Impact Assessment triggers appeals and licence conditions that can reshape the design after CAPEX is already committed.

FixEngage an experienced local EIA consultant during concept design, not after.

No biosecurity plan submitted with the licence application

Regulators in most jurisdictions now require documented biosecurity SOPs — projects without one lose months in the licensing queue.

FixDraft biosecurity SOPs during basis-of-design and include them in the licence submission.

Operations mistakes

First stocking before biofilter maturation

Fish are commonly stocked before the nitrifying bacteria are fully seeded, causing ammonia spikes and preventable mortality in the first cohort.

FixMature the biofilter for 4–8 weeks with a controlled ammonia source before first live stocking.

No trained operators on commissioning day

Suppliers hand the plant over — but if operators have not been shadow-trained through commissioning, quality collapses in the first cycle.

FixContract for operator training that overlaps with commissioning, not after handover.

Understocked spares kit for the first 12 months

Critical spares (drum-filter cloth, pump seals, O₂ probes, dosing pumps) take 6–12 weeks to reach remote sites. A single failure without spares can cost an entire cohort.

FixNegotiate a 12-month critical-spares kit into every major equipment contract.

Put a second pair of eyes on your project.

FishMatch Group reviews your specs, RFQ packages and financial model before you commit CAPEX — so these mistakes stay off your project.

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