Project archetype · Intake, outfall & reservoirs

Sea-Water Intake, Outfall & Reservoir System

A neutral reference architecture for coastal aquaculture water infrastructure — intake heads, pump stations, transmission mains, storage / settlement reservoirs and marine outfalls. Applies to shrimp farms, marine RAS, hatcheries and integrated processing sites. Buyer-side engineering only.

Project assumptions

Facility type
Coastal shrimp, marine RAS, hatchery or integrated processing site
Design flow
500–20,000 m³/h continuous intake
Intake source
Open-sea, near-shore or brackish estuary
Discharge target
Permitted marine outfall or reuse loop
Redundancy
N+1 on intake pumps; dual transmission mains where feasible
Site head
5–35 m TDH from intake to reservoir
Reservoir volume
12–48 h of production demand
Salinity range
15–38 ppt, seasonal variation
Project readiness score

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40
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planning

Planning — foundational work still open, but structured RFQs feasible

Strengths
  • Energy plan: Grid connection secured
  • CAPEX clarity: USD 2M–10M — mid commercial
Do next
  • Sign a site option or lease for at least 20 years
  • Commission water lab tests (salinity, TAN, iron, TDS) and file abstraction permit
  • Engage local permitting consultant and file EIA scoping
  • Secure at least one signed LOI from a processor or importer

Indicative execution readiness. Not a credit decision or engineering warranty.

System stack

Intake head & screening

  • Passive wedge-wire T-screens or velocity-cap intake heads
  • Coarse bar screens + drum screens on shore
  • Anti-fouling: hypochlorite dosing or copper-alloy screens
  • Fish-friendly through-slot velocity < 0.15 m/s

Pump station

  • Vertical turbine or submersible split-case pumps, N+1
  • VFD-driven with soft start and pressure control
  • Duty rotation and surge protection (air valves, surge tanks)
  • Chemical dosing skid (hypochlorite, anti-scalant)

Transmission & filtration

  • HDPE or GRP transmission mains sized for < 2 m/s velocity
  • Sand filters or disc filters at reservoir inlet
  • Cartridge polish + UV for hatchery-grade water
  • Isolation valves + air release + drain points

Storage & settlement reservoir

  • HDPE-lined earthen reservoir sized for 12–48 h autonomy
  • Baffled inlet + settlement zone before production draw
  • Level, DO, temperature, salinity, turbidity monitoring
  • Emergency spillway + reservoir isolation valve

Marine outfall

  • HDPE outfall pipe with weighted concrete ballast
  • Diffuser section for rapid dilution (permit-driven)
  • Bathymetric survey + hydrodynamic mixing zone model
  • Permit-grade discharge sampling manhole

SCADA & compliance

  • Flow, pressure and quality telemetry from intake to reservoir
  • Cathodic protection monitoring on submerged steel
  • Annual dive inspection + biofouling report
  • Environmental compliance dashboard for regulator

Project stages

  1. 1. Site & bathymetric survey
    Intake / outfall siting, currents, wave climate, seasonal salinity, sediment. 6–10 weeks.
  2. 2. Hydraulic & CFD concept
    Pump / pipeline sizing, transient analysis, outfall mixing-zone modeling. 8–12 weeks.
  3. 3. Environmental & marine permits
    EIA, coastal-zone permit, discharge permit, navigation clearance. 12–24 weeks.
  4. 4. Neutral RFQ
    Project-matched marine contractors, pump vendors, HDPE suppliers, SCADA. 8–12 weeks.
  5. 5. Marine construction
    Pipe fusion, floating installation, ballasting, dive works, screen install. 4–8 months.
  6. 6. Onshore construction
    Pump house, reservoir, filtration, SCADA, cathodic protection. 6–10 months.
  7. 7. Commissioning & permit sign-off
    Hydrostatic tests, capacity trials, discharge compliance run. 2–4 months.

Main CAPEX drivers

Indicative share of total installed cost. Actual split varies by region, redundancy, automation and civil scope.

Marine intake / outfall pipelines + installation25–35%
Pump station (pumps, VFDs, switchgear)15–22%
Reservoir civil works + liner12–18%
Screening & filtration equipment8–12%
Environmental permits & marine surveys4–8%
SCADA, telemetry & cathodic protection4–7%
Engineering & marine works project management8–12%
Contingency (marine works)12–18%
Indicative class-4 ranges only. Confirm with a class-3 budget via a neutral RFQ before financing.

Bankability questions

  • Are marine permits (coastal zone, EIA, discharge) achievable in the target timeline?
  • Is bathymetric + current data current (< 24 months) and site-specific?
  • Is the outfall mixing-zone model accepted by the regulator?
  • Is pump redundancy (N+1) matched to the biological criticality of the load?
  • Is the reservoir volume matched to the longest expected intake shutdown?
  • Is a qualified marine EPC contractor identified for the offshore scope?
  • Are biofouling / storm damage O&M costs modeled over 20 years?
  • Is CAPEX supported by class-3 estimates from ≥2 independent RFQ respondents?

Key project risks

  • Marine permit delays — start EIA in parallel with concept design.
  • Intake biofouling reduces flow — dosing + inspection discipline critical.
  • Storm damage to intake head — design to 1-in-100-year wave / current.
  • Outfall dilution failure triggers permit exceedance — CFD model validation is not optional.

Common questions

Bankability brief

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